TYPES OF GOLD

This means that the alloys differ in composition. As a result, completely different types of valuable metal are produced. This peculiarity determines the field of their application.

The palette of shades and colors of real gold

Real pure gold is native, soft and bright. It is distinguished by its yellow color, which gives the finished items a corresponding hue. Gold nugget does not allow for the production of jewelry that is resistant to mechanical damage. Pure precious metal is mainly made into ingots. For this reason, a ligature is used in the production process.

In addition, additives make it possible to obtain alloys of different shades.

Because of this feature, options have emerged:

• Yellow: A classic version of Russian gold, using silver and copper as a ligature, which makes the yellow color more saturated, the ratio of copper to silver ligature - 28 and 13.5%, as a result, obtaining the lowest grade jewelry, with an increasing amount of copper alloy will change color;
• Lemon: The advantage is the resistance to weathering, while the jewelry does not lose brilliance, the main difference from other types of alloys - a significant amount of silver;
• White: the ligature can be different, which affects the properties of jewelry, for example, the addition of platinum group metal increases the strength, while products with nickel are cheaper, such jewelry can even cause allergies;
• Red: the most common variant, the gold items of this type exceed their analogues in terms of sales, this alloy contains a significant amount of copper - 50%;
• Pink: Characterized by a noble appearance, it is gradually gaining popularity; jewels of this type are often presented by fashion houses (Chopard, Tiffany), and the content of ligatures may vary;
• Blue: in addition to the main component, the alloy contains a small proportion of steel (2.5%), platinum (0.5%), even less indium, thanks to this combination are obtained beautiful jewelry in a deep rich color, but they have a drawback - low strength;
• Green: jewelry is inferior in brightness to counterparts made of other alloys, this is due to the introduction of a significant amount of silver (its proportion is 38.35%), which also reduces the strength of the jewelry;
• Blue: Gold alloy contains a certain amount of cobalt, as a result, the jewelry acquires a heavenly hue, and there is another option for obtaining products with such external characteristics - with the help of rhodium coating;

Not everyone has come across black products, but they are real and are on sale, albeit rarely. The composition includes additives that change the properties of the alloy, making it darker: cobalt, chromium. As a result, the color of gold is black. It may seem that such a variety of jewelry in different colors is magic. In fact, it is a special art - to create jewelry gold. And the composition of gold is constantly changing.

By comparison, USSR gold was represented by only a few variants. Yellow and red varieties were more common.

In Soviet times, there was also a green-colored, white precious metal alloy (with zinc).

Types of non-ferrous metal

Jewelry may differ in shade, composition, and properties - all of these parameters affect the field of application. Russian gold is used quite widely. But the range of jewelry is also represented by foreign products. Types of alloys:

• chervonnye: a common metal in tsarist times, used for minting coins, the composition consisted only of gold and copper in the ratio of 9:1, a rich reddish hue products acquired through incandescence;
• leaf: a thin sheet, no more than a few tens of nanometers thick, used to decorate church domes, icons, creating products ("double", "gilding"), which contain a non-precious metal, covered with gold leaf on top;
• Medical: contains zinc, silver, nickel, titanium nitride, more high-quality products have a gold coating;
• colloidal: it is an aqueous solution containing particles of the precious metal, and the liquid is demineralized beforehand, and an electric current is passed through the solution, so that the gold particles acquire a uniform discharge;
• Schlicht: obtained by washing gold-bearing sand, these are small, nugget-sized particles the size of a grain, if washed, purified gold is used to make jewelry, this material has not yet been processed;
• food: an additive used in cooking (E175), available in the form of flakes;
• Turkish: This alloy is cheap, and its value is low, due to its composition (not more than 37.5% of the precious metal);
• Dubai: the products have an external resemblance to jewelry made of precious metal, but the composition is different;
• Dental: medium-strength alloy is used, it contains a high-grade precious metal (750, 900, rarely - 585);
• Purple: Also known as purple or amethyst, the alloy contains aluminum and palladium, which provides a deep hue. For a long time, jewelers had the idea of creating such material, so Professor Lo from Singapore literally caused a furor when he found a way to produce jewelry with such characteristics, but its cost is very high and the production costs are also enormous.

In addition, decorations often have a coating: glossy, matte.

Under the guise of jewelry, non-precious metal items with gilding can be sold.

The use of precious gold

The precious metal is used in the production of jewelry: women's, men's and even children's. Other uses:

• electronics;
• nuclear industry;
• transportation industry;
• telecommunications;
• nanotechnology;
• aviation, space industry.

Gold is soft, but it has advantages: resistance to corrosion, ease of soldering, compatibility with other metals. All this allows its application in different industries.